IntroductionCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss and one of the main causes of neurological disability. Despite this, no universal screening programme for cCMV has been implemented in Spain. A recent study has shown that early treatment with valaciclovir, initiated in the first trimester and before the onset of signs in the fetus, reduces the risk of fetal infection. This finding favours the implementation of a universal screening programme for cCMV.The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a universal screening programme for cCMV during the first trimester of pregnancy in a primary care setting. Methods and analysisThis is an observational multicentre cohort study. The study will be conducted in four primary care settings from the Northern Metropolitan Barcelona area and three related hospitals and will last 3 years and will consist of a recruitment period of 18 months.In their first pregnancy visit, pregnant women will be offered to add a CMV serology test to the first trimester screening tests. Pregnant women with primary infection will be referred to the reference hospital, where they will continue treatment and follow-up according to the clinical protocol of the referral hospital, which includes treatment with valacyclovir. A CMV-PCR will be performed at birth on newborns of mothers with primary infection, and those who are infected will undergo neonatal follow-up for at least 12 months of life.For the analysis, the acceptance rate, the prevalence of primary CMV infections and the CMV seroprevalence in the first trimester of pregnancy will be studied. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University Institute Foundation for Primary Health Care Research Jordi Gol i Gurina Ethics Committee 22/097-P dated 27 April 2022.

There is a paucity of research exploring how men and individuals who do not menstruate comprehend menstrual health and equity. The objective of this study was to explore the conceptualization and attitudes towards menstruation and the menstrual cycle among men and people who do not menstruate aged between 18 and 55 in the Barcelona area. Furthermore, it examined their involvement in menstrual health and equity initiatives. This qualitative study employed a feminist critical perspective. Seventeen semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews were conducted. It was frequently observed that menstrual education was often inadequate and biomedical in nature. Participants often acquired knowledge about menstruation through interactions with menstruating sex-affective partners. Menstruation was generally perceived negatively, and menstrual taboo and stigma were apparent. Some participants expressed the view that men should raise awareness of a more positive stance on menstruation. The findings of this study highlight the need for structural menstrual policies and community programs where men and people who do not menstruate are involved.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociostructural determinants associated with mental health problems during the lockdown period among populations residing in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain who lived with minors or dependents, approached from a gender perspective. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six participating countries via an adapted, self-managed online survey. People living with minors and/or dependents were selected. Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated to assess the associations between sociostructural variables and mental health problems (anxiety (GAD-7) and/or depression (PHQ-9)). The analyses were stratified by sex and country. RESULTS: Out of a total of 39,006 people, 18,040 reported living with minors and/or dependents (73% women). In all countries, women reported worse mental health, with Spain having a lower prevalence. The risks of mental health problems in women in most countries are associated with poor housing conditions and performing care work. University education was associated with a protective factor. For men, risks were related to being younger, worsening working conditions and concerns about living together at home. CONCLUSIONS: Women in Latin America who lived with dependents had worse outcomes than those in Spain did. It is necessary to develop intersectoral and social determinants strategies to prevent, protect and support the mental health of those who live with dependents and minors.

Since menstrual health and menstrual inequity are determined by social power structures, this study proposes to analyse, from an intersectional perspective, the experiences of menstrual inequity of women and people who menstruate (PWM) (>= 18 years) under circumstances of socioeconomic vulnerability in an urban and rural setting in Catalonia (Spain), focusing on menstrual poverty, menstrual management and access to health care for menstrual health. An exploratory and interpretative qualitative study was conducted. Venue-based convenience sampling was carried out, recruiting women from a non-governmental organisation and a primary health care centre. Eighteen individual semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2022 and February 2023. Data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Analysis revealed that menstrual care was generally a distant preoccupation that revolved around circumstances of socioeconomic vulnerability, housing, and productive/reproductive work. Menstrual poverty, menstrual management and menstrual self-care challenges, barriers to accessing health care for menstrual health, and menstrual taboo, stigma and discrimination were commonplace and deepened by socioeconomic vulnerability. In this way, women’s menstrual experiences were rooted in intersecting axes of inequity, based on gender, race and class. Intersectional and critical participatory research, policy and practice are imperative to develop counter mechanisms that confront systems of privilege-oppression to modulate menstrual experience, health and equity.
Puisque la sant & eacute; menstruelle et l’in & eacute;galit & eacute; menstruelle sont d & eacute;termin & eacute;es par les structures de pouvoir social, cette & eacute;tude propose d’analyser, dans une perspective intersectionnelle, les exp & eacute;riences d’in & eacute;galit & eacute; menstruelle des femmes et des personnes menstru & eacute;es (>= 18 ans) dans des circonstances de vuln & eacute;rabilit & eacute; socio & eacute;conomique en milieu urbain et rural en Catalogne (Espagne), en se concentrant sur la pauvret & eacute; menstruelle, la gestion des menstruations et l’acc & egrave;s aux soins de sant & eacute; menstruelle. Une & eacute;tude qualitative exploratoire et interpr & eacute;tative a & eacute;t & eacute; r & eacute;alis & eacute;e. Un & eacute;chantillonnage de convenance fond & eacute; sur la situation g & eacute;ographique a & eacute;t & eacute; effectu & eacute;; il a permis de recruter des femmes d’une organisation non gouvernementale et d’un centre de soins de sant & eacute; primaires. Dix-huit entretiens individuels semi-structur & eacute;s ont & eacute;t & eacute; men & eacute;s entre octobre 2022 et f & eacute;vrier 2023. Les donn & eacute;es ont & eacute;t & eacute; examin & eacute;es au moyen d’une analyse th & eacute;matique r & eacute;flexive. L’analyse a r & eacute;v & eacute;l & eacute; que les soins menstruels & eacute;taient g & eacute;n & eacute;ralement une pr & eacute;occupation lointaine qui tournait autour des circonstances de vuln & eacute;rabilit & eacute; socio & eacute;conomique, du logement et du travail productif/reproductif. Les difficult & eacute;s li & eacute;es & agrave; la pauvret & eacute; menstruelle, & agrave; la gestion des menstruations et & agrave; l’auto-prise en charge menstruelle, les obstacles & agrave; l’acc & egrave;s aux soins de sant & eacute; menstruelle, ainsi que les tabous, la stigmatisation et la discrimination en relation avec les menstruations & eacute;taient fr & eacute;quents et aggrav & eacute;s par la vuln & eacute;rabilit & eacute; socio & eacute;conomique. De cette mani & egrave;re, les exp & eacute;riences menstruelles des femmes & eacute;taient ancr & eacute;es dans des in & eacute;galit & eacute;s crois & eacute;es, fond & eacute;es sur le genre, la race et la classe sociale. Des recherches, des politiques et des pratiques participatives intersectionnelles et critiques sont imp & eacute;ratives pour mettre au point des m & eacute;canismes de lutte contre les syst & egrave;mes de privil & egrave;ge et d’oppression, afin de moduler l’exp & eacute;rience, la sant & eacute; et l’& eacute;galit & eacute; dans le domaine des menstruations.
Dado que la salud menstrual y la inequidad menstrual son determinadas por estructuras de poder social, este estudio propone analizar, desde una perspectiva interseccional, las experiencias de inequidad menstrual de mujeres y personas que menstr & uacute;an (PMM) (>= 18 a & ntilde;os) bajo circunstancias de vulnerabilidad socioecon & oacute;mica en un entorno urbano y rural de Catalu & ntilde;a (Espa & ntilde;a), con un enfoque en la pobreza menstrual, el manejo menstrual y el acceso a servicios de salud relacionados con la salud menstrual. Se realiz & oacute; un estudio cualitativo exploratorio e interpretativo. Se llev & oacute; a cabo un muestreo por conveniencia basado en sitios y se reclutaron mujeres de una organizaci & oacute;n no gubernamental y un centro de salud de atenci & oacute;n primaria. Entre octubre de 2022 y febrero de 2023, se realizaron 18 entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales. Se utiliz & oacute; el an & aacute;lisis tem & aacute;tico reflexivo para analizar los datos. El an & aacute;lisis revel & oacute; que la atenci & oacute;n menstrual era, por lo general, una preocupaci & oacute;n distante que giraba en torno a circunstancias de vulnerabilidad socioecon & oacute;mica, vivienda y trabajo productivo/reproductivo. Los retos de la pobreza menstrual, el manejo menstrual y el autocuidado menstrual, las barreras al acceso a servicios de salud relacionados con la salud menstrual, y el tab & uacute;, el estigma y la discriminaci & oacute;n menstrual, todos ellos eran comunes y agravados por la vulnerabilidad socioecon & oacute;mica. Por consiguiente, las experiencias menstruales de las mujeres estaban arraigadas en ejes interrelacionados de inequidad por motivo de g & eacute;nero, raza y clase. La invest

Introduction: Gestalt therapy (GT) and systemic pedagogy (SP) are useful tools to approach emotional difficulties and mental health problems among children and adolescents. The main objective of this study was to explore the perceptions on GT and SP techniques in paediatric mental health-related consultations in a primary healthcare (PHC) centre in Catalonia in 2018-2019, among families, healthcare, and education professionals.Methods: Qualitative study, combining semi-structured interviews with families (N = 42) and professionals (N = 15), conducted after a series paediatric PHC consultations including GT and SP techniques. Interviews lasted between 15 and 90 min and were conducted at the PHC centre where GT/SP consultations took place, and at professionals’ workplaces. Socio-demographics, reasons for consultation, and quantitative ratings on the perceived effectiveness of GT/SP consultations were also collected to combine these data with the qualitative interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed by calculating frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables, and means, medians, and ranges for continuous variables.Results: Narratives from families and healthcare professionals indicate that GT/SP consultations might have been effective in improving children and adolescents’ symptomatology and emotional health. Improved well-being within the family context was another main finding, based on families’ perceptions and experiences. Besides, GT/SP were considered acceptable for approaching emotional and mental health in PHC services, although barriers for implementation were identified.Conclusions: This study presents data on the potential usefulness of GT/SP to design and implement services that promote emotional and mental health among children and adolescents in PHC. Also, for the development of health policies and future research in this area.