Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide (QVA149, registered as Ultibro® Breezhaler® and related products) is a once-daily, inhaled fixed-dose combination (FDC) of indacaterol maleate (QAB149, registered as Onbrez® Breezhaler® and related products) and glycopyrronium bromide (NVA237, registered as Seebri® Breezhaler® and related products) is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). QVA149 has been approved by European Commission on September 19th 2013 and has been launched in the Netherlands on November, 2013. Combining a long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) with a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) as concurrent therapy has been shown to significantly improve bronchodilation in COPD patients compared to the respective monotherapies. This is expected to lead to improvement in dyspnea, health status/quality of life and COPD exacerbations compared to monotherapy. The ?missing information? as per Risk Management Plan (RMP) includes use of QVA149 in patients with unstable, clinically significant cardiovascular conditions and long QT-syndrome, type I & II uncontrolled diabetes, use in patients with severe liver impairment, use in patients with moderate to severe kidney impairment, use in pregnancy and lactation, long-term use in COPD beyond 18 months, use in COPD not related to smoking or smoking exposure less than 10 pack years, use in pregnancy and lactation and use in patients with ethnic origin other than Caucasian and Asian. Therefore, in the context of the QVA149 marketing authorization application, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) endorsed marketing authorization holder?s (i.e., Novartis) proposal to conduct a drug utilization study (DUS) to address aspects related to drug utilization, off-label use, and identification of patient groups, which have not yet or insufficiently been studied in the pivotal clinical trials of QVA149 (i.e., so called ?missing? outlined in the Risk Management Plan (RMP). This DUS will allow us to check whether QVA149 is prescribed according to the current labeling. Research question and objectives To estimate the use of QVA149 off-label and in the subpopulations with missing information mentioned in the risk management plan (RMP). Study design An exploratory, descriptive study will be conducted in new user cohorts of QVA149 with secondary use of data derived from five health care databases (from the Netherlands, Italy, United Kingdom [UK], Denmark and Spain). Population All patients registered in the respective electronic health care databases (see below- ?Data sources?) with a minimum of one year of QVA149-free valid database history and with at least one prescription of inhaled QVA149. Variables QVA149 exposure and duration of use, switching patterns, demography, life style factors and COPD characteristics at time of first prescription of QVA149 (COPD severity & duration), indication of use of inhaled QVA149, prescribed dosage/posology, concomitant use of other respiratory/ anticholinergic drugs, underlying co-morbidities, and pregnancy or breast-feeding at initiation of QVA149. Data sources Data from five electronic health care databases from Europe will be used, namely the Integrated Primary Care Information Project (IPCI) from the Netherlands, the Sistema d’Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP) from Spain, The Health Improvement Network (THIN) from the UK and the Health Search CSD Longitudinal Patient Database (HSD) from Italy and the Aarhus University Prescription Database (Aarhus) from Denmark. Study size The actual sample size for the study will be determined by the market uptake of QVA149 in the above 5 countries. As this is a descriptive study where no hypothesis will be tested and because the actual number of subjects in the study is difficult to predict, Novartis plans to include a minimum of 3,000 patients overall within 3 years of drug launch. Data analysis Descriptive statistics will be used. Categorical data will be presented as counts (n) and proportions (%) along with (95% confidence intervals). For continuous data, the number of observations (n), mean, standard deviation, median (with interquartile range) will be presented. Yearly progress reports will be prepared containing country specific data. Only for the final analysis (end of study), pooled data will be presented.