BACKGROUND // The aim of this paper was to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence regarding the occupation in Catalonia, globally and in the different waves of the pandemic.
METHODS // We performed a retrospective cohort study. We included all people between 16 and 65 years old with an occupation identified from the sick leave recorded in the primary care electronic health records of the Institut Catala de la Salut (ICS) (total n=2,199,745 people). The study period was from March 1d, 2020 to September 16th, 2021.
RESULTS // Healthcare workers had the highest incidence, with an age and sex adjusted cumulative rate of 27.7% [95% CI: 27.3%-28.1%]:29.4% in nursing assistants, 27.3% in medical professions and 26.3% in nursing professionals; followed by the elementary occupations group with an adjusted incidence of 16.9% [95% CI:16.7%-17%] such as the agricultural laborers (23% [95% CI: 21%-25.1%]) and rural occupations (19.1% [95% CI: 18.3%19.8%) -especially during the 2020 summer period-, the domestic employees (20.5% [95% CI: 18.9%-222%]) and cleaning professionals (17.5% [95% CI:17.2%-17.9%]).
CONCLUSIONS // Healthcare workers are the hardest hit during the pandemic. On the other hand, the less qualified professions have high incidences, highlighting the different inequities in access to telework, working conditions and other social determinants of health.

Behavioral interventions have shown promising neuroprotective effects, but the cascade of molecular, brain and behavioral changes involved in these benefits remains poorly understood. Projecte Moviment is a 12-week (5 days per week-45 min per day) multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial examining the cognitive effect and underlying mechanisms of an aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT) and a combined (COMB) groups compared to a waitlist control group. Adherence was > 80% for 82/109 participants recruited (62% female; age = 58.38 +/- 5.47). In this study we report intervention-related changes in plasma biomarkers (BDNF, TNF-alpha, HGF, ICAM-1, SDF1-alpha) and structural-MRI (brain volume) and how they related to changes in physical activity and individual variables (age and sex) and their potential role as mediators in the cognitive changes. Our results show that although there were no significant changes in molecular biomarker concentrations in any intervention group, changes in ICAM-1 and SDF1-alpha were negatively associated with changes in physical activity outcomes in AE and COMB groups. Brain volume changes were found in the CCT showing a significant increase in precuneus volume. Sex moderated the brain volume change in the AE and COMB groups, suggesting that men may benefit more than women. Changes in molecular biomarkers and brain volumes did not significantly mediate the cognitive-related benefits found previously for any group. This study shows crucial initial molecular and brain volume changes related to lifestyle interventions at early stages and highlights the value of examining activity parameters, individual difference characteristics and using a multi-level analysis approach to address these questions.

Background: The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) is one of the most prominent multidimensional frailty assessment instruments. This review aimed to critically appraise and summarise its measurement properties. Methods: Reports were eligible if they included results of studies aimed at developing the TFI or evaluating its measurement properties. We performed a literature search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases from their inception until December 8, 2021. We also searched grey literature databases. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the «COSMIN Risk of Bias». The measurement properties were evaluated using specific criteria. We graded the quality of the evidence using a GRADE approach. Results: Sixty-three studies were included. We found moderate sufficient evidence for TFI content validity, although it is still insufficient for the comprehensiveness of its items. TFI construct validity was based on sufficient evidence from two studies of its structural validity as well as multiple hypothesis-testing for construct validity studies with inconsistent results. We did not find any studies that assessed cross-cultural validity. Only one of TFI’s three dimensions showed sufficient evidence for the internal consistency of its scores, and results in test-retest reliability were inconsistent. The TFI showed high sufficient concurrent validity with the comprehensive geriatric assessment. We identified several studies assessing its predictive validity for adverse frailty related outcomes, although most of the evidence from these studies was insufficient. We did not find any studies that assessed the responsiveness of TFI scores.